Fig. 2: Partial dependence and individual conditional expectations for modeled nongrowing season net ecosystem exchanges of CO2 (NGS–NEE).

The net dependence of the modeled NGS–NEE (y-axis, µmol m−2 s−1]) on a given predictor (x-axis) is shown as a solid black line. Circles represent individual observations for each predictor variable. Each grey line represents a single model simulation and displays the influence of the predictor on the predicted response.