Fig. 1: Glaciation temperature (Tg) in Amazonian convective clouds, from 2000 to 2014, as a function of the columnar aerosol optical depth (τa), according to classes of atmospheric preconditioning.
From: Preconditioning, aerosols, and radiation control the temperature of glaciation in Amazonian clouds
Red, black, and blue coloring correspond to lower, mid, and upper tertiles, respectively, in the distribution of q225, a proxy for the convective preconditioning effect. Aerosol data was obtained from daily averages of level 2.0 AERONET38 measurements at 5 sites in the Amazon Basin. Tg was inferred from GOES satellite imagery acquired in 100 x 100 km boxes around the AERONET sites between 17:00 and 18:00 UTC (13:00-14:00 LT). Error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean. q225 was obtained from daily 1° gridded ECMWF Era-Interim reanalysis data39 at 18:00 UTC.
