Fig. 1: Simulated landscape evolution, sedimentation and Sunda Shelf flooding history under tectonic, eustatic and rainfall forcing conditions.
From: Quaternary landscape dynamics boosted species dispersal across Southeast Asia
a Outputs showing simulated physiography changes for scenario 5 (Supplementary Table 2) induced by spatially variable tectonics (Supplementary Fig. 1b), eustatic (sea level37) and atmospheric (precipitation40) forcing. b Sunda shelf extent prior to 400 ka is delineated by the black contour. Cumulative erosion (blues) and deposition (reds) map obtained after calibration of landscape evolution parameters from subsurface data (seismic surveys and boreholes41– 44, see Methods). c Subaerial exposure of the shelf is calculated at each time interval by computing the ratio between exposed area and Sunda shelf area prior to 400 ka. The shelf alternates three settings: exposed (>80%), partially flooded (>50%), and fully marine periods coloured in yellow, green and blue, respectively.
