Fig. 4: Geomorphic parameters used for cost surface calculation.
From: Quaternary landscape dynamics boosted species dispersal across Southeast Asia
a Plots of normalized landscape elevational connectivity (LEC) for the entire aerial domain and within elevational bands (blue lines and standard deviation in light blue), and elevation kernel density (red lines) for the entire exposed domain at chosen time intervals for the simulation forced with variable tectonic map and the sea level curve from37. Yellow areas represent the Sunda Shelf aerial elevation extent, with lines showing the exposed shelf mean and maximum elevations (zmean and zmax). b Examples of LEC and river closeness indexes maps for fully exposed (400 ka) and flooded (120 ka) Sunda Shelf conditions. These indexes combined with local slope distribution are then used to produce cost surfaces at specific time intervals over which preferential pathways are computed.
