Fig. 1: Regional setting of Tayma.
From: The unexpectedly short Holocene Humid Period in Northern Arabia
a Overview of the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent areas with the key palaeoclimate sites of Jeita Cave28, Soreq Cave26,27, GeoB 5844-2 in the Red Sea13 and Qunf Cave29, mean annual rainfall 1970–2000 (WorldClim 2 dataset77), average positions of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer and the Subtropical Jet (STJ) in winter78, and atmospheric sources of regional precipitation (MWR Mediterranean winter rains, Winter TP winter tropical plumes, ASM African Summer Monsoon, ISM (SJ) Indian Summer Monsoon (Somali Jet), ARST Active Red Sea Trough)14. Isohyetes of 200 mm and 500 mm are adapted from the wettest simulation of the COSMOS climate model at 6000 BCE in ref. 12. b Reconstructed extent of the Tayma palaeolake during its peak phase, today’s surface catchment and groundwater catchment79. The topography is based on GTOPO30 data80.
