Fig. 1: Graphical representation of biochar stable carbon yield.
From: Mineral-enriched biochar delivers enhanced nutrient recovery and carbon dioxide removal

a Biochar stable carbon yield (%) based on biochar yield (% conversion of biomass into biochar) and stable carbon content within biochar (%) and b enhanced stable carbon formation from the same amount of biomass through mineral doping prior to pyrolysis. Following equations are used to calculate the biochar stable carbon yield: (1) biochar yield (%) = amount biochar/amount biomass; (2) biochar stable carbon content (%) = amount stable carbon/amount biochar; (3) stable carbon yield (%) = biochar yield (%) * biochar stable carbon content (%).