Table 1 Summary of Life Cycle Assessment drivers and results for enhanced rock weathering deployment across twelve nations.

Main drivers		CHN	IND	USA	BRA	CAN	IDN	MEX	FRA	DEU	ESP	POL	ITA
Average CDR contribution per country (%)⁵		27%	25%	21%	9%	3%	3%	3%	3%	3%	2%	1%	1%
Average reduction in silicate demand⁵	BAU to 2 °C	−4%	−18%	−10%	−7%	−29%	−13%	−11%	0.0%	−13%	0.0%	−8%	−9%
Electricity mix carbon coefficients reduction 2050, LCA based on¹⁹	BAU to 2 °C	−56%	−54%	−67%	−69%	−84%	−53%	−47%	10%	−21%	0%	−23%	−15%
Average energy increase (Pj) for rock grinding	BAU to 2 °C	107%	23%	50%	24%	−25%	83%	16%	0.1%	−14%	4%	0.4%	5%
Average supply chain energy demand (kwh/t) including average transport distances (LCA)	BAU	210.5	245.5	283.5	186.4	256.5	250.1	283.5	386.5	307.3	275.3	326.5	270.7
	2 °C	338.0	334.7	368.4	215.8	265.6	295.1	368.4	386.9	302.1	281.1	350.7	297.1
Maximun Basalt Transport Distances per country for BAU and 2 °C scenarios	Roads km	1401	977	1450	1879	2217	2024	1075	915	681	676	1034	553
	Rails km	898	1246	1692	705	1498	218	548	821	735	895	1085	680

End-point indicators	Mid-point indicators	CHN	IND	USA	BRA	CAN	IDN	MEX	FRA	DEU	ESP	POL	ITA
Resource depletion	MDP	↑	↑	↑	↑	↔	↑	↑	↔	↔	↗	↑	↗
	FDP	↑	↔	↓	↓	↓	↗	↘	↔	↘	↔	↘	↘
	WDP	↗	↘	↗	↘	↘	↔	↘	↔	↘	↗	↔	↔
Ecosystems	TAP100	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↗	↓	↔	↘	↓
	FETPinf	↑	↑	↑	↑	↔	↑	↑	↔	↔	↗	↑	↗
	METPinf	↘	↓	↓	↘	↓	↓	↘	↔	↓	↔	↘	↔
	TETPinf	↑	↑	↑	↑	↔	↑	↑	↗	↔	↗	↑	↗
	FEP	↔	↓	↓	↓	↓	↘	↓	↘	↓	↔	↘	↘
	MEP	↘	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↗	↓	↗	↘	↑
	ALOP	↑	↑	↗	↑	↗	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↑	↗
	ULOP	↑	↗	↘	↔	↘	↔	↘	↔	↘	↔	↔	↗
	NLTP	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔
	GWP100	↘	↓	↓	↓	↓	↘	↓	↗	↘	↔	↘	↔
Human health	GWP100	↘	↓	↓	↓	↓	↘	↓	↗	↘	↔	↘	↔
	HTPinf	↘	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↔	↓	↗	↘	↔
	IRP_HE	↑	↑	↑	↔	↔	↗	↑	↔	↑	↗	↔	↔
	ODPinf	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔
	PMFP	↘	↘	↓	↘	↘	↘	↘	↔	↘	↔	↘	↗
	POFP	↗	↘	↓	↓	↓	↘	↓	↔	↓	↔	↘	↔

We appropriate, results show the change from the business as usual (BAU) to the 2 °C energy scenario, averaged across the 0.5–2 Gt CO₂ yr⁻¹ CO₂ draw-down goals. Effect of ERW on Mid-Point impact categories per hectare across the transition from BAU to 2 °C energy scenario is summarised for each country as follows: ↓ reduction >30%, ↘ reduction 5% and 30%, ↔ between 5% and −5%, ↗ increase 5% and 30% and ↑ increase >30%.

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