Fig. 3: Detailed bathymetric maps.
a Sites A and b Site C in the NW Pacific Plate petit-spot volcanic field1, and c SE offshore of Minamitorishima Island in the western Pacific Plate14 (see Fig. 1 for locations). Sampling sites are indicated by small red stars and eruptive ages are provided in (a, b), when available1,10,31,32,41. Thick dashed lines in the panel a indicate lineations of monogenetic petit-spot volcanoes. In the panel b, white arrows designate lithospheric structures: AH, abyssal hills; PFZ, subparallel to fracture zone; and HG, horst and graben27,28,29. Young lavas, less than 3 Ma, are indicated by the red arrow in the panel c14. Black arrows in the panel c denote ridges aligned N–S to NNE–SSW in response to the flexure or the outer rise of the western Pacific lithosphere (see also Fig. 2). Detailed bathymetric and acoustic reflective maps around the volcanic field of DAP are shown in (d, e), respectively10 (red square in the panel b). The location of DAP is designated by thick yellow arrows.
