Fig. 3: Distribution of observed organic-rich sediment thickness, total organic carbon and calculated organic carbon burial in the EES.

Spatial distribution of a organic-rich sediment thickness, b TOC values and c estimated total organic carbon burial (using 2.4 × 1012 kg km-3 density) in the proto-Paratethys and West Siberian basins during the PETM CIE. Black dots show the locations of the studied sections/wells (Mine section, this study; Well 1025; Kheu, Baksan, Medani, Torangly, Aktumsuk, Guru-Fatima and Kurpai sections18,19; Dzhengutay section20). Constructed Thiessen polygons indicate sub-sections with a reference section/well. d Box-and-whisker plots showing estimated total organic carbon burial for each sub-section and entire area. Lower and upper limits of the boxplots indicate 1st and 3rd quartiles, respectively. Red dots and blue lines inside the boxes show the mean and median values, respectively. A broad range of bulk density values (from 2.1 × 1012 to 2.7 × 1012 kg km-3) proposed for organic shales35 was used for the estimation.