Fig. 6: Comparison of values of metapopulation metrics across river network types and observational scales (AT).

a–c CVM,U. d–f λM,U. g–i CVM,H. j–l λM,H. Boxplot elements are as follows: center line, median; notches, \(\pm 1.58\cdot {{{{{{{\rm{IQR}}}}}}}}/\sqrt{50}\), where IQR is the interquartile range; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, extending up to the most extreme data points that are within ±1.5 ⋅ IQR; circles, outliers. Metapopulation metric values were obtained by setting α = 100 l. Note that in Eq. (1), given A = 40, 000, AT = 20 results in E[N] ≈ 4574, E[pr] ≈ 0.228; AT = 100 yields E[N] ≈ 2231, E[pr] ≈ 0.098; AT = 500 results in E[N] ≈ 1088, E[pr] ≈ 0.042.