Table 1 Daily properties of the discharge cycles during winter 2012/13.
From: The seasonal evolution of subglacial drainage pathways beneath a soft-bedded glacier
Cycle number | DOY | Phase I | Phase II | Phase III | Phase IV | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Days with low/no melt | Days with high melt | Days with low melt but high discharge | Low melt, intermediate discharge | ||||||||
Duration (days) | Mean melt (m3) (mean rain m3) | Mean discharge (m3) (mean rain m3) | Duration (days) | Threshold melt (m3) | Discharge (m3) Inc. discharge PI to PII (mean rain m3) | Duration (days) | Max discharge (m3) Mean discharge (m3) Inc. discharge PII to PIII (mean rain m3) | Duration (days) | Discharge at end of cycle (m3) (mean rain m3) | ||
1 | 298–315 | 11 | 9.50 × 102 | 5.29 × 104 | 1 | 1.70 × 104 | 1.10 × 105 | 4 | 1.92 × 105 | 1 | 1.67 × 104 |
(0) | 3.36 × 104 | 1.62 × 105 | (0) | ||||||||
(0) | 4.84 × 104 | ||||||||||
(221) | |||||||||||
2 | 316–328 | 9 | 2.12 × 103 | 1.01 × 104 | 1 | 1.46 × 104 | 2.53 × 104 | 1 | 8.71 × 104 | 1 | 2.04 × 104 |
(0) | 1.35 × 104 | 6.18 × 104 | (0) | ||||||||
(0) | (2 × 103) | ||||||||||
3 | 329–362 | 24 | 1.98 × 101 | 9.82 × 103 | 4 | 2.25 × 104 | 9.92 × 104 | 4 | 2.31 × 105 | 1 | 1.59 × 104 |
(0) | 4.95 × 104 | 1.15 × 105 | (0) | ||||||||
(3.7 × 104) | 4.50 × 104 | ||||||||||
(0) | |||||||||||
4 | 363–14 | 10 | 5.03 × 103 | 8.28 × 103 | 2 | 2.51 × 104 | 4.39 × 104 | 4 | 1.96 × 105 | 1 | 4.76 × 104 |
(7.7 × 102) | 3.18 × 104 | 1.29 × 105 | (0) | ||||||||
(8.6 × 103) | 4.46 × 104 | ||||||||||
(65) | |||||||||||
5 | 15–22 | 3 | 4.64 × 103 | 2.71 × 104 | 1 | 3.12 × 104 | 5.14 × 104 | 3 | 2.17×105 | 1 | - |
(103) | 3.95 × 104 | 1.89 × 105 | (0) | ||||||||
(0) | - | ||||||||||
(86) | |||||||||||
6 | 23–43 | 16 | 5.40 × 102 | 2.31 × 103 | 1 | 3.34 × 104 | 1.77 × 105 | 1 | 3.89 × 104 | 1 | - |
(0) | - | 2.12 × 105 | (0) | ||||||||
(5.5 × 104) | (409) | ||||||||||
7 | 43–61 | 7 | 2.37 × 103 | 1.89 × 104 | 7 | 3.26 × 104 | 2.25 × 105 | 3 | 1.67 × 105 | 1 | 5.04 × 104 |
(72) | - | 9.50 × 104 | (0) | ||||||||
(2.0 × 105) | 3.74 × 105 | ||||||||||
(2.94 × 104) | |||||||||||
Mean(s.d.) | 17.8 (7.8) | 12.4 (7.9) | 2.47 × 103 (2.30 × 103) | 1.15 × 104 (9.28 × 103) | 1.8 (1.3) | 2.55 × 104 (7.61 × 103) | 1.82 × 104 (1.38 × 104) | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.19 × 105 (9.14 × 104) | 1 | 2.80 × 104 (1.72 × 104) |
1.79 × 105 (1.09 × 104) | |||||||||||
3.36 × 104 (1.52 × 104) | 9.09 × 104 (8.13 × 104) | ||||||||||
(1.8 × 102) | (2.0 × 104) | (0) | |||||||||
(3.36 × 102) | (6.11 × 104) | 1.79 × 105 (1.09 × 105) |