Fig. 4: Mitigation and enhancement of nutrient surplus and footprint driven by the optimal multilateral crop trade patterns. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 4: Mitigation and enhancement of nutrient surplus and footprint driven by the optimal multilateral crop trade patterns.

From: Enhanced mitigation in nutrient surplus driven by multilateral crop trade patterns

Fig. 4

(a–c) TV, (d–f) TS, (g–i) OP1, and (j–l) OP2, where the positive- and negative values in the y-axis represent enhancement and mitigation, respectively. (NSF/PSF: Nitrogen/Phosphorus surplus footprint; NS/PS: Nitrogen/Phosphorus surplus; TV: Scenarios of trade amount; TS: Scenarios of trade structure; OP1: Single-objective optimal multilateral crop trade model; OP2: Bi-level objectives optimal multilateral crop trade model).

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