Fig. 1: The sea level-derived ocean circulation index.
From: Pan-Atlantic decadal climate oscillation linked to ocean circulation
a Normalized monthly sea-level index used as a proxy for ocean circulation variability (solid, blue curve) 1900-2019 and AMOC measurements from the RAPID-MOCHA array (dashed, red curve, 2005-2019). b Spectra of the monthly sea-level index (thick, solid), its first-order autoregressive fit (solid, thin) and 95% confidence bounds (thin, dashed) for the different time slices indicated in the top-left corner of (b). c, d Similar to (a, b), respectively, but based on December–February data. The correlations (r) between the sea-level and AMOC time series for the common period from 2005 to 2019 are indicated in the top-right corner of (a, c). The vertical grey bars in (b, d) show the 10–15 year period band.
