Fig. 5: Contemporary regimes and driving factors.

The demographic and climatic variables of the most relevant regimes per pyrome are summarized into two independent components using a principal component analysis (PCA) to visualize the regimes' driving factors (a.i, b.i, c.i, d.i, and e.i panels). A denser population, lower GDP, and harder accessibility characterize regimes located in higher values on the demographic component (y axis). Regimes located in higher values on the climatic component experience higher average temperatures, higher precipitation levels, and lower PDSI values (x axis). A shaded region connects regimes within the same pyrome, highlighting the dispersion of the regimes' potential driving factors within each pyrome. The spatial location of the regimes (a.ii, b.ii, c.ii, d.ii, and e.ii panels, matching the colors of the regimes in the PCA plots) and the proportion of the dominant land covers per pyrome (a.iii, b.iii, c.iii, d.iii, and e.iii panels) are included for reference, providing an overall comprehensive characterization of the most relevant contemporary regimes (62 in total) for each pyrome. Detailed results per regime including their dominant land-covers can be found in Supplementary Tables 1–15.