Fig. 2: Ancient and contemporary deposits of the Gangetic Plains.

Diagram illustrating how Siwalik sedimentary sequences relate to various fluvial environments from proximal to distal (relative to the mountain front) across the Gangetic Plain. Sedimentary log 3 represents the isolated conglomerate event beds which we document in this study (i.e. C1 and C2). Convergence^32,33 and sediment accumulation^58,59 rates were taken from published datasets, and are used in calculations estimating the Middle Siwalik conglomerate event bed transport distance (Methods).