Fig. 5: Siwalik and contemporary channel geometries.

River geometries (a Slope, b Channel depth, c Channel width) of contemporary Ganga plain rivers and the river(s) which deposited the Siwaliks exposed along the Mohand Anticline (Fig. 1). Horizontal red line is the median value. Sedimentological data and empirical relationships suggest that the river that deposited the Siwalik succession in this study is comparable (in terms of geometries) to the contemporary rivers of the Ganga Plain. d–f Frequency vs bed thickness data for the Mohand, Surai Khola, and Karnali sections (Fig. 1)⁶³ plotted in the format (d) log/linear axes, (e) log/log axes, and (f) binned data (Mohand section only). Bar colours correspond to colours used in plots (d) and (e). See methods for calculations used to determine Siwalik river geometries.