Fig. 4: Modeled surface mass balance SMB over the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet.

A SMB for Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) ~ 13.4 Sv scenario with Nordic Seas’ sea-ice free conditions as depicted by the LOVECLIM simulation averaged over 26.7–26.6 ka BP. B SMB for AMOC off scenario with Nordic Seas perennially sea-ice covered. C The difference in SMB between AMOC ~ 13.4 Sv and AMOC off run. D % SMB increase for AMOC ~ 13.4 Sv run compared to AMOC off run.