Fig. 4: The relationship between human land-use in the terrestrial ecosystem surrounding Dongting Lake and parameters in the lake water across increasing spatial extents.
a The spatial distribution map of human land-use, taking buffers of multiple sizes at site “ED” as an example. b–e The explained variances in human land-use intensity across distance to trophic parameters in the water and alpha diversity of macroinvertebrates. The R2 of the null model is shown as a gray dashed line. f–i The explained variances in Δ human land-use intensity across distance to differences in trophic parameters in water and beta diversity of macroinvertebrates. The colored envelope surrounding each line represents 95% of the models. The dotted vertical lines are imported points where the fitted line reaches a plateau or hill or intersects with the null model.
