Fig. 1: Locations and main geochemical features of Piton de la Fournaise waters.

A Map of the different water samples of Piton de la Fournaise collected for this study and (B) Na/Cl vs. Na/NO3 molar ratios and electrical conductivity (µS/cm) of Piton de la Fournaise waters, showing that water rock interaction, anthropogenic contamination and seawater contamination are the main mineralization processes. Insert: ©2023 Google Earth.