Fig. 6: Losses in net primary production (NPP) from urban extensification.

Global maps display average NPP losses (gigatons (GT) Carbon yr−1) for the corresponding displaced land categories from urban extensification for the scenario, including harmonized land cover for Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 5, Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 6.0), and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s Global Circulation Model for the year 2100. Radial stacked bar plots display losses in NPP (for variable NPP rates), averaged over harmonized and unharmonized land cover and GCMs, for each SSP and RCP combination. Staked area plots represent variable NPP rates for each land category, averaged for GCMs and harmonization, for RCP 6.0 for all SSPs.