Fig. 7: Implications of urban-induced land alterations on global CO2 emissions.

Urbanization-induced losses in net primary production and impacts to global CO2 emission projections were summarized across Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). Projections in CO2 from the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) (blue lines) were adjusted to account for losses in carbon sequestration due to land conversion from urban extensification (red areas). Ranges in values represent variations according to Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and for harmonized and non-harmonized land classifications.