Fig. 2: Divergent ecosystem responses to flash droughts.

a–h Temporal variations in soil moisture (black line) and LAI (green) during flash drought events for the eight selected regions outlined in black on the map. Bold lines represent medians, while shaded areas represent variability (between the 25th and the 75th percentiles) observed across flash drought events. Vertical shaded areas indicate the onset stage of flash droughts. Regional dryness index and tree dominance are computed using the medians of all grid pixels within each region, and dominant vegetation type is based on the highest percentage of vegetation type across all grid pixels within each region. CRO represents croplands; DBF, deciduous broadleaf forests; EBF, evergreen broadleaf forests; MF, mixed forests; SAV, savannas; SHR, shrublands. GPP and SIF show similar temporal patterns with LAI (Figs. S3 and S4, respectively).