Fig. 4: Absolute change in carbon stocks and fluxes for PFTs (2070–2100).

a Vegetation carbon (VEGC). b Soil organic carbon (SOC). c Net primary productivity (NPP). d Net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Error bars represent standard deviation based on 20-models aggregation. All PFTs are statistically significant (p value < 0.05). PFTs are defined in Fig. 1.