Table 2 Main model features, including type, team, version, EU geographical representation, and sectoral granularity
From: The impacts of decarbonization pathways on Sustainable Development Goals in the European Union
ALADIN | EU-TIMES | FORECAST | GCAM | GEMINI-E3 | ICES-XPS | NEMESIS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of model | Bottom-up sector perspective | Energy system model | Bottom-up sector perspective | Partial equilibrium | General equilibrium model | General equilibrium model | Macro-econometric | |
Research team (see also authors’ affiliations) | Fraunhofer ISI | E4SMA s.r.l. | Fraunhofer ISI | BC3 | EPFL | CMCC | SEURECO | |
Version | – | E4SMA-EU-TIMES 1.0 | – | GCAM-PR 5.3 | GEMINI-E3 7.0 | ICES-XPS 1.0 | NEMESIS 5.1 | |
EU geographical disaggregation | 30 regions: EU27 (each Member State individually), United Kingdom, Norway, Switzerland | 30 regions: EU27 (each Member State individually), United Kingdom, Norway, Switzerland | 30 regions: EU27 (each Member State individually), United Kingdom, Norway, Switzerland | 2 regions: EU15 (Sweden, Finland, Ireland, United Kingdom, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, Portugal, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Greece), EU12 (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Cyprus) | 1 region (entire EU-27, United Kingdom) | 12 regions: Germany, Benelux (Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg), Italy, Greece, Finland, Czechia, France, Spain, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom, Rest of EU (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria, Cyprus) | 30 regions: EU27 (each Member State individually), United Kingdom, Norway, Iceland | |
Sectoral granularity | Macroeconomic | No | Exogenous (as drivers) | Exogenous (as drivers) | Exogenous (as drivers) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Agriculture | No | Energy requirements only | No | Detailed | As an economic activity with non-CO2 emissions | As an economic activity | As an economic activity | |
Energy supply | No | Very detailed | No | Very detailed | Detailed for power generation | Detailed for power generation | Detailed for power generation | |
Industry | No | Detailed | Very detailed | Detailed | As economic activities | As economic activities | As economic activities | |
Transportation | Very detailed | Detailed | No | Detailed | As economic activities and household expenditures | As economic activities and household expenditures | As economic activities and household expenditures | |
Buildings | No | No | Very detailed | Detailed | As economic activities and household expenditures | As economic activities and household expenditures | As economic activities and household expenditures | |
Land uses | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | |
