Fig. 1: Multi-beam echosounder (MBES) map of the seafloor bathymetry near the Possession Islands, Ross Sea and associated seafloor imagery of macroalgal assemblages.

Each station surveyed in 2021 and 2023 is shown by circles overlayed MBES imagery and on Landsat (USGS) satellite imagery (a), including the first station where large macroalgae were detected in 2021 (as indicated by white arrow). Orthoimage of the benthos at this station shows dense macroalgal assemblages on the seafloor (b), including dense stands of H. grandifolius (c), Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA), and fleshy red algae (d). The partial seafloor transect pictured in (b) ranges in depth from 70 to 74 m.