Fig. 1: Contemporary air-sea CO2 flux (FCO2) in the Southern Ocean.
From: Projected poleward migration of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink region under high emissions

Obtained from a the ensemble mean of six pCO2 products and c nine CMIP6 ESMs for the historical period (1995–2014), and b, d their variability computed as one standard deviation. FCO2 is given gC m-2 yr-1 in all panels. Negative values indicate a flux into the ocean. The fronts are defined according to Orsi et al.77 as black lines with the Subtropical Front to the North and the Polar Front to the South. The zones are defined as the subtropical region north of the Subtropical Front (outer line) to 30oS, the Sub-Antarctic region between the two fronts, and the Antarctic region to the south of the Polar Front (inner line). Individual models are shown in Fig. Supplementary Fig. 7.