Fig. 4: Responses of aquatic ecosystem metabolism to smoke cover.
From: Wildfire smoke reduces lake ecosystem metabolic rates unequally across a trophic gradient
a–c Density plots of daily z-scored GPP, R, and NEP on non-smoke (blue) and smoke (gray) days (n = 1772). Dashed horizontal lines show the median values across all 22 metabolism datasets. d–f Prediction lines from the GAMM model smooth terms fit to day-of-year (gray and blue solid lines) showing how smoke cover alters seasonal trends in GPP, R, and NEP. Blue and gray shaded areas show one standard error from the predicted lines. Metabolism estimates used in GAMMs were z-scored to facilitate comparison across datasets. g–i The difference between median GPP, R, or NEP on smoke days versus non-smoke days (ΔGPP, R, NEP) for each dataset (n = 22), ordered from most positive to most negative along the x-axis. Circles represent pelagic sites; diamonds represent littoral sites. Points and segments are colored by lake trophic status (oligotrophic = blue, mesotrophic = turquoise, eutrophic = yellow-green).
