Fig. 1: Comparison of the neutrality of different climate metrics to changes in aircraft design.

Shown is the frequency of incorrect fleet pairs, corresponding to those where the signs of the peak/average temperature change and climate metric change do not match, as a function of the time horizon for the peak temperature (a) and 20-, 50- and 100-year average temperature (b–d) climate objectives. Each climate metric is represented by a different combination of colour, line style and marker. Values are available between 5 and 100 years with a time horizon step of 5 years; however, markers are shown every 10 years for clarity.