Table 4 Assumed change of in-flight emissions and emission-related effects for Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and hydrogen

From: Alternative climate metrics to the Global Warming Potential are more suitable for assessing aviation non-CO2 effects

Fuel

CO2

NOx

H2O

Contrails

Total

SAF

−65 − 80%

−0%

−0%

−10 − 40%

−30 − 60%

Hydrogen combustion

−100%

−50 − 80%

+ 150%

−30 − 50%

−50 − 75%

Hydrogen fuel cell

−100%

−100%

+ 150%

−60 − 80%

−75 − 90%

  1. The values are taken from the “Hydrogen-powered aviation" report (Clean Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2843/766989). Note that these values cannot currently be corroborated through other studies and are, therefore, only used to provide a wide spectrum of potential future fleets.