Fig. 2: Visible maps, infrared radiance maps and temperature maps for Loki Patera and Dazhbog Patera.

Top panels (A–D): Loki Patera. A USGS reference image; B M-band (4.5–5 µm) radiance map; C L-band (3.3 to 3.6 µm) radiance map (band radiance is integrated by the bandpass filter and it is in mW sr−1 m−2); D L/M ratio, and an estimation of the temperature (see Supplementary Fig. S11); gray region indicates where the signal is too low to calculate a significative ratio. Bottom panels (E–H): same for Dazhbog Patera.