Fig. 1: Impact of carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, carbon-to-phosphorus (C/P) ratio, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations on pollutant removal efficiencies.

Correlation heat maps of the correlation between removal efficiencies of COD, TN, and TP with C/N ratio, C/P ratio, and DO concentrations during daytime (a) and nighttime (c). b An exponential fitting plot of removal efficiencies of COD and TN versus C/N ratios during the day. (d) A linear fitting plot of removal efficiency of COD at night versus DO concentrations. Notes: Symbols indicate levels of statistical significance: * for p < 0.05, ** for p < 0.01, *** for p < 0.001.