Fig. 2: Composite atmospheric anomalies in extreme anomaly summers.

The figure shows composite mean anomalies in the atmosphere characterizing warm and cold temperature years. The first row depicts the surface temperature (SKT) and 700 hPa temperature anomalies (T700) in warm anomaly years (a) and (b) and cold anomaly years (c) and (d), respectively. Anomalies in the surface pressure (shading; SP) and the geopotential height at 500 hPa (contours; Z) are shown in (e) and (i). f and j Demonstrate anomalous vertical (shading; ω) and horizontal (vectors; U) circulation, g and k illustrate the anomalies in cloud cover (CC), and h and l vertically integrated specific humidity (Q). The second row presents the composite mean anomalies for the warm extreme years; the third row presents the composite mean anomalies for the cold extreme years. The black boxes in a and c outline the Greenland domain used for the mean value calculation.