Fig. 5: Coefficients of LAI-VPD+1 and SM-VPD+1 derived from the four SEMs.

a–d Coefficients of LAI-VPD+1 derived from the four SEMs: from MMG (a), from MEG (b), from EEG (c), and from EMG (d), respectively. e–h Coefficients of SM-VPD+1 derived from the four SEMs: from MMG (e), from MEG (f), from EEG (g), and from EMG (h), respectively. i–l Coefficients of LAI-VPD+1 during 1982–1999 (orange column) and 2000–2018 (green column) derived from the four SEMs: from MMG (i), from MEG (j), from EEG (k), and from EMG (l), respectively. m–p Coefficients of SM-VPD+1 during 1982–1999 (orange column) and 2000–2018 (green column) derived from the four SEMs: from MMG (m), from MEG (n), from EEG (o), and from EMG (p), respectively.