Fig. 6: Impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on VPD through land‒atmosphere coupling. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 6: Impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on VPD through land‒atmosphere coupling.

From: Aridity threshold of ecological restoration mitigated atmospheric drought via land‒atmosphere coupling in drylands

Fig. 6

a Coefficients of T-LAI-VPD+1 in 1982–2018 (purple box), 1982–1999 (red box), and 2000–2018 (blue box), respectively. b Coefficients of T-SM-VPD+1 in 1982–2018 (purple box), 1982–1999 (red box), and 2000–2018 (blue box), respectively. c Coefficients of P-LAI-VPD+1 in 1982–2018 (purple box), 1982–1999 (red box), and 2000–2018 (blue box), respectively. d Coefficients of P-SM-VPD+1 in 1982–2018 (purple box), 1982–1999 (red box), and 2000–2018 (blue box), respectively. T-LAI-VPD+1 indicates that temperature affects the next-month VPD through vegetation‒VPD coupling. T-SM-VPD+1 indicates that temperature affects the next-month VPD through soil moisture‒VPD coupling. P-LAI-VPD+1 indicates that precipitation affects the next-month VPD through vegetation‒VPD coupling. P-SM-VPD+1 indicates that precipitation affects the next-month VPD through soil moisture‒VPD coupling. The error bars are the standard deviations of the four SEMs. The percentage values are the medians across the four SEMs. Green circle represents the “MMG” model, orange circle represents the “MEG” model, blue circle represents the “EEG” model, and purple circle represents the “EMG” model.

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