Fig. 3: Seasonal cycle of daily SST over the GoM and the NWCS (15°N–30°N; 78°W–100°W).

The climatological period is 30 years, ranging from 1982 to 2011. The envelopes show the 68% (mean ± 1σ) and 95% (mean ± 2σ) bounds. SST values in 2023 has exceeded upper historical bound and there is a significant positive anomaly compared to the last year since March. The data source is NOAA OISST V2.171.