Fig. 3: Reconstructed temperature anomalies from the natural variability modes.
From: Strong persistent cooling of the stratosphere after the Hunga eruption
Reconstructed daily RO temperature anomalies derived from multiple linear regression analysis attributable to QBO, ENSO, solar flux and dynamical coupling with the high latitudes. The reconstructed anomalies are shown from December 2021 to December 2023 for the zonal mean 30°S to 10°N as function of altitude (a) as well as latitude-time slices at 19 km altitude (b), at 27 km altitude (c), and at 32 km altitude (d). Vertical lines mark the date of the eruption. The dashed black line in (a) indicates the climatological lapse-rate tropopause. The contour lines in the top panel show the Singapore wind anomalies (m s−1) as indicator for the QBO, where positive anomalies (green lines) correspond to easterly winds and negative anomalies to westerly winds (brown lines).
