Fig. 3: Comparison of environmental indicators from Angrenjin Co with other archeological and paleoclimatic records.

(a) Concentrations of coprophilous fungal spores (grazing indicator) from Angrenjin Co (this study); (b) Age distribution of zooarchaeological sites in the high-altitude areas of the STP (the brown pie charts represent the proportion of domesticated animal remains among total animal remains) (Supplementary Table 2), BG (E–P) is the Bangga site (early phase), and the sites correspond to those in Fig. 1A; (c) Stellera concentrations from Angrenjin Co⁴²; (d) Age distribution of archeological sites with cereals in the high-altitude areas of the STP (Supplementary Table 2) (site locations are shown in Fig. 1A; (e) The ratio of cereal-type Poaceae to total Poaceae, and (f) Poaceae >40 μm concentration (cereal indicators) from Angrenjin Co (this study); (g) Glomus-type concentrations (erosion indicator) from Angrenjin Co (this study); (h) Gelasinospora sp. distribution and charcoal >100 μm concentration (fire indicators) from Angrenjin Co (this study); (i) Pollen PCA1 sample scores from Angrenjin Co⁴²; (j) Geochemical PCA1 sample scores from Angrenjin Co⁴³; (k) Reconstructed summer precipitation anomaly (mm/day) from Angrenjin Co⁴⁴; (l) Grain size PCA1 sample scores from Paru Co⁴⁵; (m) Median grain size (μm) from Nam Co⁴⁶; (n) Reconstructed mean annual air temperature (°C)⁴⁷. All climate proxies are fitted with Generalized additive models (GAMs). The shaded bands are 95% confidence intervals.