Fig. 5: Effect of water physical and chemical properties on the plankton community indices.
Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationship between water physical and chemical properties (UCA, T, pH, DO%, TN, TP, and NH3-N) and plankton (phytoplankton, microzooplankton, and macrozooplankton) community indices (species richness, individual density, and Shannon–Wiener diversity index) in summer (a, b, c) and winter (d, e, f). The red arrows indicate water physical and chemical properties, and the black arrows indicate plankton community indices. The length of the arrows represents the strength of impact of the water physical and chemical property on the plankton community index. The longer the arrow, the stronger the effect, and vice versa. The angle between the arrow of the plankton community index and the water physical and chemical property indicates the correlation, the angle of <90° indicates a positive correlation while the angle of >90° indicates a negative correlation. The blue, orange, and green dots represent the photovoltaic areas (PAs), near the photovoltaic areas (NPAs) and control areas (CAs), respectively. g, h Spearman correlation analysis of water physical and chemical properties (UCA, T, pH, DO%, TN, TP, NH3-N) and plankton community indices (D_Phyto, S_Phyto, D_Microzo, and S_Microzo) with plankton community indices (D_Phyto, S_Phyto, D_Microzo, S_Microzo, D_Macrozo, and S_Macrozo). Colour depth and the size of the dots indicate the correlation strength. Phyto: phytoplankton; Microzo: microzooplankton; Macrozo: macrozooplankton; H’: Shannon–Wiener diversity index; D: individual density; S: species richness. The p-value of the significant predictor is given as: *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. —: no comparison.
