Fig. 4: Relationships between effect size (log response ratio, LRR, z-score) and landfall wind speed (knots) across five coastal marine ecosystems.

Line in (b) is a linear relationship from a linear mixed effects model (Supplementary Information Table S2). Data in (a–e) are z-scores of LRR pooled across measures of performance and community structure or processes and include both habitat forming and associated species. Three statistical outliers were removed for visual clarity. Error bars are SEs.