Fig. 5: Physical drivers of impact.

A Conceptual diagram showing the primary drivers of impact by tropical cyclones, corresponding impact mechanisms, and magnitude of effects across five coastal marine ecosystems composed of habitat formers that are marine or terrestrial in origin. B Frequency (n of effects) of the physical drivers of impact (drivers) reported by individual study authors. ‘Not reported’ indicates no reported physical driver and may include habitat changes. Data are pooled for measures of species performance and community structure or processes and habitat forming and associated species. Image credits: Integration and Application Network (ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/).