Fig. 4: Structural equation modeling shown potential bottom-up cascading influences from nutrient stoichiometry to phytoplankton to zooplankton. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 4: Structural equation modeling shown potential bottom-up cascading influences from nutrient stoichiometry to phytoplankton to zooplankton.

From: Estimating nutrient stoichiometry and cascading influences on plankton in thermokarst lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Fig. 4

The red and green lines represent negative and positive relationships with “*”, “**” and “***” represent p < 0.1, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01. The gray lines represent the pathways considering in the model but with p > 0.1. The symbols “↑” and “↓” aside the stoichiometric ratios indicate a positive or negative relationship between the ratio and the first PCA component of the stoichiometry variable, respectively.

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