Fig. 6: The relationship between MBT'5Me and IR for eight lakes across different periods of the Holocene from Tibetan Plateau.

Each subplot represents a different Holocene period: a Holocene (all periods), b Early Holocene (12–8.2 ka), c Middle Holocene (8.2–4.2 ka), and d Late Holocene (after 4.2 ka). The scatter plots use specific colors and shapes to distinguish data points from different lakes: BGC (red, cross), NG (purple, square), GH (brown, plus), CQ (green, diamond), QH (yellow, circle), TCQH (gray, star), LG (light blue, triangle), and TC (black, asterisk). The color of kernel density plots is based on predicted bacterial assemblages using the brGMM-BAE model, with cluster 1 (haloalkaliphilic) in blue and cluster 2 (freshwater) in red. Numbers in (d) represent the corresponding ages (in BP) for lake GH, illustrating the shift in taxa composition over time. This transition reflects a change from bacterial communities associated with an acidic lake environment to those indicative of more neutral to alkaline conditions during the past century. Modern pH and salinity (g/L) values for each lake are provided in parentheses (pH; S).