Fig. 5: Relationships between operating RLS and threatened vertebrates.

a–e The differences (P < 0.05) of local richness of threatened vertebrate species (a), amphibian (b), bird (c), mammal (d) and reptile (e) threatened between biomes are shown using Kruskal–Wallis tests with Dunn’s multiple comparisons. f–h The location of RLS and their potential associations with the composition of threatened vertebrates are visualized in a graph of MNDS (f ), specially, the effects of inland vs coastal & marine (g) and biomes (h) are quantified with Kruskal–Wallis tests. Box plot showing the median (horizontal line), mean value (dot) and first and third quartiles (bottom and top of box) of the values. Data for the figure is only based on operating RLS.