Fig. 9: Underestimated state change of the Beaufort Gyre due to bias in atmospheric circulation simulations.
From: Dominant inflation of the Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Gyre in a warming climate
a Anomaly of Beaufort Gyre freshwater content (FWC) relative to the 1981-2000 mean. b-f, the same as (a), but for (b) sea surface height (SSH), (c) surface geostrophic current (SGC) speeds, (d) upper 300 m available potential energy (APE), (e) upper 300 m mean kinetic energy (MKE), and (f) upper 300 m eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the Beaufort Gyre region. The blue lines denote the results of the high-resolution simulation without wind corrections, and the red lines denote those with wind corrections. The percentages of the differences between the two simulations averaged over 2081–2100 are shown in each panel. The EKE data are only saved from the simulations for some years.
