Fig. 1: Global net carbon dioxide removal and biomass plantation area under incremental and isolated consideration of terrestrial planetary boundary constraints. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 1: Global net carbon dioxide removal and biomass plantation area under incremental and isolated consideration of terrestrial planetary boundary constraints.

From: Multiple planetary boundaries preclude biomass crops for carbon capture and storage outside of agricultural areas

Fig. 1

Impact of planetary boundary (PB) constraints on net carbon dioxide removal (CDR) (a) and biomass plantation area (b). See Tables 1 and 2 for the definitions of scenarios and PB constraints (N nitrogen flows, W freshwater change, L land system change, B biosphere integrity, FP forest protection as a stricter definition of the land system change PB). Under these constraints, the distribution of biomass plantations was optimized to maximize net CDR while reserving current agricultural areas for food, fodder and fiber provision. Relative changes refer to the unconstrained CDRonly scenario. For CDR, numbers in brackets depict the range spanned by using inputs from five general circulation models for mid-century climate under RCP4.5 and three carbon removal efficiency pathways (optimal, moderate, low; assuming a biomass-to-electricity conversion). The coloring visualizes the numbers relative to the column’s respective maximum values.

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