Fig. 2: Optimized global distribution of biomass plantations to maximize net carbon dioxide removal. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 2: Optimized global distribution of biomass plantations to maximize net carbon dioxide removal.

From: Multiple planetary boundaries preclude biomass crops for carbon capture and storage outside of agricultural areas

Fig. 2

Optimized biomass plantation distributions are shown for scenarios without (CDRonly; panel a) and with individual planetary boundary (PB) constraints for nitrogen flows (N), freshwater change (W), land system change (L), or biosphere integrity (B) (panels b–e). Under PB constraints, plantation expansion and/or management is limited by the respective PB thresholds (see Table 1); agricultural areas are safeguarded for food, fodder, and fiber production, and wetlands, urban, and protected areas are excluded from conversion. Colors refer to the share of irrigated vs rainfed (irr. share) and fertilized vs. unfertilized (fert. share) biomass plantations, while the color’s transparency represents the cell fraction covered with biomass plantations.

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