Fig. 5: Schematic overview of globally averaged quantities linearly normalized from 5 Mt yr−1 injections to −1 W m−2 total all sky ToA RF. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 5: Schematic overview of globally averaged quantities linearly normalized from 5 Mt yr−1 injections to −1 W m−2 total all sky ToA RF.

From: Injecting solid particles into the stratosphere could mitigate global warming but currently entails great uncertainties

Fig. 5

Upper part shows results for 2020 and lower part for 2090 boundary conditions in respect to GHG, sea surface temperatures (SST), sea ice concentrations (SIC) and ODS concentrations when injecting gaseous SO2 (left), alumina (middle) and calcite (right) particles at radius of 240 nm. Shown are required stratospheric aerosol burden in Mt, the injection rate in Mt yr−1, the resulting global average stratospheric residence time of the particles in years, the resulting heating in the tropical stratosphere in K and the resulting ozone column in Dobson units (DU). For comparison the ozone column of the reference scenario, the historical minimum in the years 1992–1995 (modeled by SOCOL-AERv2) as well as the uncertainty ranges for the resulting ozone column (grey areas) are shown (see Section Stratospheric ozone chemistry for details on the uncertainty ranges). For 2090 conditions also the 2090 reference ozone column is shown.

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