Fig. 1: Regional maps of the study area.
From: Hydroclimate intensification likely aided glacier survival on Svalbard in the Early Holocene
a Svalbard in a North Atlantic Arctic climate context. Warm Atlantic Ocean sourced currents are shown in red (NAC - North Atlantic Current, WSC – West Spitsbergen Current), and cold Artic Ocean sourced currents are shown in blue (ESC - East Spitsbergen Current, EGC – East Greenland Current). Observed minimum (2017) and maximum (1979) March sea ice extents are marked with white lines130. Localities of key proxy records used to contextualize our data are marked with colored circles corresponding to Fig. 7 - green: \({U}_{37}^{K}\)-based preindustrial temperature anomaly composite record from lake Hakluytvatnet (core AMP112 between 0-5 ka BP and 7.5 – 9.5 cal. ka BP) and lake Gjøavatnet (core GJP0114 between 5 – 7.5 cal. ka BP)18, grey/brown: Ice-rafted debris (IRD) record (core MSM05/5-723-2)84 and PBIP25-derived sea ice cover record (spliced data from core MSM5/5-712-252 between 0-8.7 cal. ka BP and core MSM05/5-723-284 between 8.7-9.5 cal. ka BP) from the Fram Strait, purple: \({U}_{37}^{K}\)-based sea surface temperature record from the Barents Sea131. b Close-up of the archipelago, showing modern ice cover (white) and water depth after Jakobsson (2016)132. The location of our study area and Fig. 2 is highlighted with a red rectangle and the closest meteorological station, Ny-Ålesund, is highlighted with a yellow location marker. The locations of key glacier reconstructions are marked with blue dots and follow abbreviations as in Fig. 7 (F: Femmilsjøen, WF - Wijdefjorden, VF - Vårflusjøen, G - Gjøavatnet, K – Kløsa, H – Hajeren). The main fault zones adjacent to our study area are marked with stippled black lines (BFZ – Billefjorden Fault Zone, LFZ – Lomfjorden Fault Zone).
