Fig. 3: Results from the economic optimisation model for the fully cooperative scenario, evaluated in the year 2014.

a The benefit parameter which has been normalised to allow it to be expressed in percentage terms. Its conversion to US dollars is accomplished by multiplying through by twice the WTP to abate all pollution ($59bn) and dividing through by 100. b The economic value that each country gains from the policy expressed as a percentage of the total WTP. The vertical orange bar shows the total value to all countries. c The percentage of each country’s river emissions that are abated. The black horizontal line marks zero abatement. The vertical orange bar shows the total percentage of river emissions abatement when summed across all countries. d The percentage of the total plastic stock abated. The vertical orange bar shows the total percentage of all plastic stock abated when summed across all countries. Associated quantitative data is shown in Supplementary Table 2.