Fig. 5: Predicted number of Current Use Pesticides residues in the non-target Nature Conservation Area “Kleine Kalmit”, Southern Palatinate, Germany.

The number of CUPs in off-field vegetation during the spraying season was predicted with a resolution of 200 × 200 m. Multiple R2 of the glm generated with measurements of the number of CUPs in the overall study area = 0.76. Forest/urban land cover data are from the European Environment Agency (EEA) (2016); the remaining land use categories are from from Blickensdörfer et al. (2021). Aerial view: © 2025 Google, TerraMetrics.